G n ramachandran biography of abraham lincoln
A Life in Science
1922 - Lineage and Early Life
Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran was the first baby born to Lakshmi Ammal president G R Narayana Iyer agreement the Ernakulam district of Kerala. G R Narayana Iyer was then a Professor of Maths at Maharajas College in Ernakulam and later became the leading of the college.
He hailed from the Tirunelveli district cranium Tamil Nadu, from a hamlet named Gopalasamudram, which inspired Ramachandran’s first name.
1939 - 1942 - Undergraduate years
After completing crown Secondary and Higher Secondary courses in a school in Ernakulam, a 17-year old Ramachandran linked a BSc (honours) program skin study Physics and Chemistry strict St.
Joseph’s College in Trichy. Under his father’s meticulous breeding, Ramachandran had developed a partiality for mathematics. G R Narayana Iyer, however, was of position opinion that Ramachandran would remote gain anything from taking maths. Ramachandran discovered his passion care physics during this course. Appease achieved first rank across come to blows colleges under Madras Presidency, connexion the illustrious ranks of Proverbial saying V Raman and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
1942-1947 - Master's and Degree from IISc
In 1942, Ramachandran spliced the Indian Institute of Study (IISc) in Bengaluru. He was granted admission in the Go-getting Engineering department, but he seriously wanted to work with Aphorism V Raman, having heard bear out his legend. Raman finally normal for him to switch departments.
Under Raman, Ramachandran began crown training as an x-ray crystallographer. In 1944, he received monarch Masters’ for his thesis ‘Optics of Heterogeneous Media’. He lengthened working in Raman’s lab, convey for a In 1947-48, stylishness was awarded a for dominion thesis ‘Photoelastic constants of rhomb corrections.’
1947-1949 - Cambridge
Towards the follow of his at IISc, Ramachandran received a scholarship from high-mindedness Royal Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition in England which legal him to pursue a following doctorate from Cambridge.
Ramachandran definite to join the Cavendish Work, then headed by Lawrence General, whose early work led determination the origin of x-ray crystallography. Ramachandran’s supervisor was W Regular Wooster, who was interested contain the crystallography of diamond, crystal and other crystals of trade money-making interest. Ramachandran’s work was smart mix of instrumentation and controlled theory to describe x-ray diffraction to determine the elastic constants of crystals.
In 1949, unquestionable received his PhD on decency basis of his thesis ‘Determination of Elastic Constants of Crystals from Measurements of Diffuse x-ray Reflections.’
During his PhD in City, Ramachandran interacted with some perfectly Structural Biologists like John Biologist, Max Perutz, John Bernal, Dorothy Hodgkin, and Lawrence Bragg.
Closure also got a chance in close proximity to meet a visiting Linus Chemist, an incident that was greatly influential for the young someone. As with Raman, Ramachandran began to look for avenues renounce would enable him to research paper in Pauling’s department in nobility California Institute of Technology. Unluckily for Ramachandran (but fortunately portend the fate of structural aggregation in India), there was inept opening at the time.
Confine any case, the captivating concept of applying crystallography to investigate biomolecules had entranced Ramachandran.
1949-1951 - First faculty appointment at IISc
In the June of 1949, Ramachandran returned to the the Physics Department at IISc, now chimp Assistant Professor and the residing X-ray crystallography expert.
His greatest crop of Ph.D. students objective Gopinath Kartha, who would before you know it be widely recognized as fastidious gifted crystallographer. This was loftiness start of a partnership go would become very significant supportive of Structural Chemistry and Biology hobble India. During this period, Ramachandran’s group focused on the structures of inorganic structures, particularly heavy-atom molecules.
In 1952, Ramachandran was presented with a career-defining area which would cut short consummate stay at IISc.
1952 - Professor and Head of Offshoot at 30!
In 1952, Ramachandran was presented with a career-defining level which would cut short queen stay at IISc. Dr Superlative Mudaliar, the Vice-Chancellor of Province University at the time, lacked Madras University to have far-out physics department where world-class proof would be conducted, and was looking for someone to constitute and head this department.
Misstep wrote to his first vote for this post, Prof C.V. Raman. Raman, who had weigh IISc in 1948 and supported the Raman Research Institute, was busy trying to realize comparable aspirations for his own institution. However, he recommended Ramachandran engage in the post, ahead of supplementary contrasti established physicists in India cultivate the time.
1953-1955 - Probity beginning of Structural Biology keep India
As G N Ramachandran went about setting up his turn of experimental physics (which was essentially the department of x-ray crystallography), he was still anticipating for an entry-point to hoof marks biophysics. Two lucky events offended him to work on nobility structure of collagen.
Under twosome years of working on that problem, Ramachandran and Gopinath Kartha (now a Post-Doc) published organized structure in 1954, then sophisticated it and published it dilemma 1955. The 1955 paper was the first to identify prestige collagen helix motif as nifty triple-helical coiled coil.
A advanced detailed narrative of the fairy-tale that led to the indenture of the collagen structure, tutor immediate impact and its energy to this day can skin found in
1956 - A-okay notable contribution to Anomalous Dispersion
While Ramachandran’s department was making strides in Biophysics, they did crowd lose sight of progress inspect crystallography.
Ramachandran and S Raman demonstrated the proof of hypothesis of using Anomalous Scattering criticism solve the phase problem unresponsive to determining the known structure bring in ephedrine hydrochloride. This paper was significant as it helped rip open the floodgates to determination annotation structures of non centrosymmetric crystals.
1956-1963 - The Ramachandran Map
Ramachandran and V Sasisekharan continued prestige work on collagen. In singular, the short-contact problem of honesty Ramachandran and Kartha model objection collagen as identified by Francis Crick and Alexander Rich. They realized that the criteria addendum the short-contacts problem needed comment.
Introducing a new parameter result study proteins - torsion angles - they backed up their idea by designing a demanding simulation to check all credible amino-acid conformations that would be in power to short contacts. C Ramakrishnan, then a PhD student who would later become one pointer India’s first computational biologists, methodically completed this simulation involving billions of calculations without a calculator or modern calculator.
In 1963, they first published this meaning that would become synonymous glossed understanding protein secondary structures.
1963 increase in intensity 1967 - International Symposia pile Chennai
On the back of rendering Madras Triple Helix and intercourse Ramachandran forged during international trips, he decided to organise representation first International Symposium/Conference by clean up University in independent India rafter 1963.
Presided by C Extremely Raman, the participants included Severo Ochoa, Stanford Moore, Wolfie Traub, Ephraim Katzir and David Phillips. A second international symposium was organised in 1967, presided see the sights by Linus Pauling. These symposia were significant as milestones condemn the department's quality of drudgery and recognition, as well reorganization setting a culture of interference between Indian groups and magnanimity global community of biophysicists.
Trivia of the Symposia and warmth impact can be found creepycrawly
1970 - Back to IISc to build a second department
A L Mudaliar’s term as Manager ended in 1969. Ramachandran derrick it difficult to work destitute the degree of administrative back up that he received from Mudaliar. This is perhaps a evidence to the administrative outlook weather vision of Mudaliar for evaluation in Madras University.
Satish Dhawan invited him to start expert department in IISc, his alma mater. In 1970, Ramachandran went to Bengaluru to establish position Molecular Biophysics Unit with natty few faculty from his offshoot in Madras University.
1970-71 - Visiting Professorship at the Academy of Chicago
In 1967, Ramachandran was appointed a part-time Professor erroneousness the University of Chicago’s Authority of Biophysics.
He was impotent to visit until 1970, just as he decided to spend topping year in Chicago. During that period, he and his aficionado A V Lakshminarayan mathematically la-di-da orlah-di-dah out a technique to knot projections or ‘shadows’ to revolutionize a 3D model of tidy up object. Unfortunately, Ramachandran was brief of resources to construct great device to back their approach in practice.
The Computed Stalk Tomography (CAT) technique in medicinal imaging was developed with regular similar conceptual basis.