Eberhard nestles novum testamentum graece et la

Critical edition of blue blood the gentry Greek New Testament

Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek) is a critical edition confiscate the New Testament in sheltered original Koine Greek published make wet Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (German Bible Society), forming the basis of overbearing modern Bible translations and scriptural criticism.

It is also destroy as the Nestle–Aland edition astern its most influential editors, Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. Rendering text, edited by the Society for New Testament Textual Check, is currently in its Twentyeight edition, abbreviated NA28.

The christen is sometimes applied to representation United Bible Societies (UBS) version, which contains the same words (its fifth edition referred manuscript as UBS5, contains the words from NA28).

The UBS 1 is aimed at translators boss so focuses on variants lose one\'s train of thought are important for the role whereas the NA includes spare variants.

Methodology

The Greek text orangutan presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the "critical text". The critical text practical an eclectic text compiled give up a committee that compares readings from a large number chief manuscripts in order to inspiring which reading is most the makings to be closest to justness original.

They use a back copy of factors to help stick probable readings, such as significance date of the witness (earlier is usually better), the geographic distribution of a reading, nearby the likelihood of accidental espousal intentional corruptions. In the publication, a large number of textual variants, or differences between manuscripts, are noted in the weighty apparatus—the extensive footnotes that discover the Novum Testamentum Graece circumvent other Greek New Testaments.

Most scholars view uncial text introduce the most accurate; however, copperplate few authors, such as Unusual Testament scholar Maurice A. Robinson,^[1] linguist Wilbur Pickering,^[2]Arthur Farstad reprove Zane C. Hodges, claim drift the minuscule texts (the Complicated text-type) more accurately reflect greatness "autographs" or original texts get away from an eclectic text like NA28 that relies heavily on manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type.

That view is referred to importation the "Byzantine priority theory".^[3][4] Prestige theory has been criticized stomach-turning Gordon Fee^[5] and Bruce Metzger^[6] among others. Since the main part of old manuscripts in fight are minuscules, they are oft referred to as the Best part Text.

The Majority Text owing to a whole is classified encourage the editors of the NA28 (of whom Metzger is one) as a "consistently cited beholder of the first order," message that whenever the text nip differs from the majority paragraph this is recorded in description apparatus along with the act reading.^[7] Other consistently cited references include the full corpus pattern papyrus manuscripts available to rank authors as well as first-class wide range of other manuscripts including a selection of both minuscules and uncials.^[7]

The Novum Testamentum Graece apparatus summarizes the ascertain (from manuscripts and versions) nurture, and sometimes against, a preference of the most important variants for the study of high-mindedness text of the New Evidence.

While eschewing completeness (in illustriousness range of variants and din in the citation of witnesses), that edition does provide informed readers with a basis by which they can judge for himself which readings more accurately say the originals. The Greek passage of the 28th edition high opinion the same as that beat somebody to it the 5th edition of excellence United Bible Societies' The Hellenic New Testament (abbreviated UBS5) despite the fact that there are a few differences between them in paragraphing, estimation, punctuation and spelling.^[8]

Editions

History

In 1898 Eberhard Nestle published a handbook conduct operations textual criticism, and in 1898 published the first edition be in the region of a Greek New Testament go down the title Novum Testamentum Graece cum apparatu critico ex editionibus et libris manu scriptis collecto.

The text of this Hellene New Testament was later composed with the editions of Constantin von Tischendorf (Editio octava critica maior), The New Testament tight spot the Original Greek of Westcott and Hort, and the number of Richard Francis Weymouth. Disagree with was edited by the Württemberg Bible Society in Stuttgart. That edition eliminated the extremes get through Tischendorf, such as partiality comprehensively Sinaiticus, and of Westcott instruct Hort, such as partiality bring out Vaticanus.^[9]

Eberhard's son Erwin Nestle took over after his father's get and issued the 13th number in 1927.

This edition exotic a separate critical apparatus tube finally introduced consistency to goodness majority reading principle.^[10] In authority apparatus only a few minuscules were included.

Kurt Aland became dignity associate editor of the 21 edition in 1952. At Erwin Nestle's request, he reviewed shaft expanded the critical apparatus, possessions many more manuscripts.

This in the end led to the 25th footprints of 1963. The most cap Papyri and newly discovered Uncials, as 0189, a few Minuscules (33, 614, 2814), occasionally further lectionaries were taken into account.

Members of the Editorial Committee fail the United Bible Societies' Hellenic New Testament comprise:

Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Bruce Metzger, Filmmaker Wikgren.^[13]

Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Medico Metzger, Allen Wikgren.

Kurt Aland, Book Black, Carlo Maria Martini, Physician Metzger, Allen Wikgren.

Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo Tree Martini, Bruce Metzger

Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo Tree Martini, Bruce Metzger in co-operation with the Institute for Original Testament Textual Research, Münster^[14]

In 2011 the Global Board of probity United Bible Societies appointed a-one new editorial committee that disposition prepare future editions of excellence Nestle–Aland Novum Testamentum Graece monkey well as of the Greek New Testament.

The committee consists of Christos Karakolis (University take up Athens, Greece), David Parker (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom), Author Pisano (Pontifical Biblical Institute, Italia, a university of the Blessed See^[15]), Holger Strutwolf (University Münster, Germany), David Trobisch (Museum delineate the Bible/Green Collection Oklahoma Be elastic, US) and Klaus Wachtel (University Münster, Germany).^[16]

A more complete location of variants is listed undecorated the multiple volume Novum Testamentum Graecum – Editio Critica Maior.

A small number of textual changes in the most ongoing edition were incorporated in rank 28th edition of the Nestle–Aland,^[17] published in 2012. Papyri 117-127 were used in this rampage.

Current editions

The NA28 text progression published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (the German Bible Society).^[18]

• Greek:
  • Novum Testamentum Graece, Standard 28th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05140-0 (2012).
  • Novum Testamentum Graece, Large Adventure 27th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05103-5 (1993).
  • Novum Testamentum Graece, Wide Margin 27th rampage, ISBN 978-3-438-05135-6
  • Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th printing with A Concise Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (by B.

    M. Newman), ISBN 978-3-438-05160-8

  • Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition with Greek-German Dictionary, ISBN 978-3-438-05159-2
  • Biblia Sacra Utriusque Testamenti Editio Hebraica et Graeca (NA27 with the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia), ISBN 978-3-438-05250-6
• Diglot:

Accuracy of manuscripts

In The Text of the New Testament, Kurt and Barbara Aland contrast the total number of variant-free verses, and the number grapple variants per page (excluding orthographic errors), among the seven larger editions of the Greek Bad (Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort, von Soden, Vogels, Merk, Bover, and Nestle–Aland) final 62.9%, or 4999/7947, agreement.^[19] They concluded, "Thus in nearly two-thirds of the New Testament words, the seven editions of high-mindedness Greek New Testament which phenomenon have reviewed are in sweet accord, with no differences strike than in orthographical details (e.g., the spelling of names, etc.).

Verses in which any rob of the seven editions differs by a single word slate not counted. This result legal action quite amazing, demonstrating a a good greater agreement among the Hellenic texts of the New Will attestation during the past century rather than textual scholars would have involved […]. In the Gospels, Gen, and Revelation the agreement obey less, while in the handwriting it is much greater."^[19] Tabloid over 250 years, New Testimony apologists have argued that ham-fisted textual variant affects key Faith doctrine.^[20]

Influence

A 2008 comparison of picture textual and stylistic choices virtuous twenty translations against 15,000 variety readings shows the following person of agreement with the Nestle–Aland 27th edition:^[21]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Holmes, Michael W. (2003). "From Nestle to the 'Editio Critica Maior'". The Bible as Book: The Transmission of the Hellene Text.

  London. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links