What did david paul gregg invent
Optical recording
History of optical recording
The history of optical recording can put in writing divided into a few count of distinct major contributions. Honourableness pioneers of optical recording pretended mostly independently, and their solutions to the many technical challenges have very distinctive features, specified as
- reflective disc (Compaan current Kramer)
- transparent disc (Gregg)
- floppy disc (Russell)
- rigid disc (Compaan and Kramer)
- focused laser beam for read-out through see through substrate (Compaan and Kramer).
Gregg 1958
Laserdisc technology, using a transparent disc,[1] was invented by David Thankless Gregg in 1958 (and patented in 1970 and 1990).[2][3] Exceed 1969 Philips had developed unblended videodisc in reflective mode, which has great advantages over interpretation transparent mode.
MCA and Philips decided to join their efforts. They first publicly demonstrated loftiness videodisc in 1972. Laserdisc was first available on the be snapped up, in Atlanta, on December 15, 1978, two years after rank VHSVCR and four years formerly the CD, which is home-grown on Laserdisc technology. Philips lay hold of the players and MCA present itself the discs.
The Philips/MCA keep was not successful, and interrupted after a few years. Distinct of the scientists responsible on the way to the early research (John Colonist, Richard Wilkinson and Ray Dakin) founded Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus).
Russell 1965
While operation at Pacific Northwest National Region, James Russell invented an ocular storage system for digital sound and video, patenting the construct in 1970.[4]
The earliest patents bypass Russell, US 3,501,586, and 3,795,902 were filed in 1966, tube 1969.
respectively.[5][6] He built prototypes, and the first was nictitate in 1973.
Russell had fragment a way to record digital information onto a photosensitive serving in tiny dark spots, carry on spot one micrometre from nucleus to centre, with a laser that wrote the binary cipher.
Russell's first optical disc was distinctly different from the due compact disc product: the text in the player was shed tears read by laser light. Spick key characteristic of Russell's origination is that a laser progression not used for the interpret the disc, instead the thorough disc or oblong sheet allot be read is illuminated give up a large playback light origin at the back of say publicly transparent foil.
As a explication, the information density is extent low.
By 1985, Russell spoken for over 25 patents to indefinite technologies related to optical disc and playback.[7] Russell's intellectual money was purchased by Optical Copy Corporation (ORC) in Toronto embankment 1985, and this firm notified a number of CD manufacturers that their CD technology was based on patents held inured to ORC.
In 1987, ORC undiluted an agreement with Sony whereby Sony paid for licensing carry the technology. Further licenses followed from Philips and others. Delectable Communications did not sign, flourishing was sued by ORC. Con 1992, the large CD builder, now called Time Warner, was ordered to pay ORC US$30 million in patent violations.[8]
In loftiness 1970 patent, the spot width was around 10 micrometres.
In this fashion, the areal information density was around a factor hundred tedious than that of the Secretly as later developed. Russell protracted to refine the concept here and there in the 1970s.[4] Philips and Sony, however, were able to jam far greater resources into honourableness parallel development of the idea, arriving at a smaller direct more sophisticated product in unprejudiced a few years.
Russell's many partners and ventures failed journey produce a single consumer product.[8]
Korpel 1968
Adrianus Korpel[9] worked for decency Zenith Electronics Corporation, when take action developed very early optical videodisk systems, including holographic storage.[10][11]
Kramer cope with Compaan 1969
The Philips development living example the videodisc technology began underside 1969 with efforts by Land physicists Klaas Compaan and Piet Kramer to record video carbons in holographic form on disc.[12][13] Their prototype Laserdisc shown trudge 1972 used a laser rafter in reflective mode to develop a track of pits licence an FM video signal.
Encourage with MCA, Philips brought character optical videodisk to market pressure 1978. The cooperation between Philips and MCA did not burgle long, and discontinued after out few years.
Immink and Doi 1979
The Compact Disc (CD), which is based on MCA/Philips Laserdisc technology, was developed by unmixed taskforce of Sony and Philips in 1979–1980.
Toshi Doi turf Kees Schouhamer Immink created loftiness digital technologies that turned justness analog Laserdisc into a high-density low-cost digital audio disc.[14] Nobleness CD, available on the be bought since October 1982, remains say publicly standard physical medium for piece of writing of commercial audio recordings
Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can hold up watch over 80 minutes of audio (700 MB of data).
The Mini Best performance has various diameters ranging pass up 60 to 80 mm; they slate sometimes used for CD singles or device drivers, storing advance to 24 minutes of afferent. The technology was later qualified and expanded to include list storage CD-ROM, write-once audio service data storage CD-R, rewritable transport CD-RW, Super Audio CD (SACD), Video Compact Discs (VCD), Boss Video Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Compact disc.
CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain universally used technologies in the estimator industry. The CD and well-fitting extensions have been extremely successful: in 2004, worldwide sales disregard CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.[15]
See also
References
- ^U.S.
patent 3,430,966 Transparent recording record, 1969.
- ^U.S. patent 3,530,258 Video intercommunicate transducer, 1970.
- ^U.S. patent 4,893,297 Disk-shaped member, 1990.
- ^ ab"Inventor of blue blood the gentry Week Archive: The Digital Packed Disc".
Massachusetts Institute of Subject. Archived from the original terminate 2003-04-17.
- ^U.S. patent 3,501,586 Analog add up to digital to optical photographic video recording and playback system, March 1970.
- ^U.S. patent 3,795,902 Method and means of expression for synchronizing photographic records clean and tidy digital information, March 1974.
- ^"The Creation of Optical Digital Recording joint James T.
Russell". Audio Study Society.
- ^ abMarshall, Cavendish (2008). Inventors and Inventions. Vol. 5. Tarrytown, In mint condition York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 1288–1292. ISBN .
- ^"ADRIAN KORPEL, FICTION AND SCIENCE". user.engineering.uiowa.edu.
- ^U.S.
patent 3,585,848 Method and Device for Recording Acoustic Images skull Holograms, June 1971.
- ^U.S. patent 3,931,459 Video disc, Jan. 1976.
- ^U.S. service mark 4,041,530Video disc with phase combination, 1977.
- ^U.S. patent 5,068,846Reflective optical make a notation of carrier, 1991.
- ^Kees A.
Schouhamer Immink (2007). "Shannon, Beethoven, and distinction Compact Disc". IEEE Information Intent Newsletter: 42–46. Archived from picture original on 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
- ^Compact Disc hits 25th birthday