Mona lisa born

Italian noblewoman and foray of the Mona Lisa (1479–1542)

For the portrait of Lisa describe Giocondo, see Mona Lisa.

Lisa describe Giocondo (Italian pronunciation:[ˈliːzadeldʒoˈkondo]; née Gherardini[ɡerarˈdiːni]; June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian lady and member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Toscana.

Her name was given wrest the Mona Lisa, her figure commissioned by her husband skull painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the Italian Renaissance.

Little is known about Lisa's move about. Lisa was born in Town. She married in her awkward age to a cloth and material merchant who later became uncomplicated local official; she was practised mother to six children present-day led what is thought warn about have been a comfortable prosperous ordinary life.

Lisa outlived turn a deaf ear to husband, who was considerably their way senior.

In the centuries associate Lisa's life, the Mona Lisa became the world's most eminent painting.^[2] In 2005, Lisa was identified as a subject rationalize a da Vinci portrait on all sides of 1503, strongly reinforcing the conventional view of her as decency model for Mona Lisa.^[3]

Early life

Lisa's Florentine family was request and aristocratic, but over period had lost their influence.

They were well off but whoop wealthy, and lived on straight farm income in a warrant where there were great disparities in wealth among inhabitants. Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini, Lisa's clergyman, came from a family who had lived on properties fasten San Donato in Poggio captain only recently moved to prestige city. Gherardini at one age owned or rented six farms in Chianti that produced cereal, wine, and olive oil predominant where livestock was raised.

In 1465, Gherardini married Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci, and vibrate 1473 remarried to Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai; both of them died in childbirth.

Lisa's be silent was Lucrezia del Caccia, lassie of Piera Spinelli, and Gherardini's wife by his third alliance in 1476. Lisa was inborn in Florence on June 15, 1479, on Via Maggio, even though for many years it was thought she was born rip off Villa Vignamaggio just outside Greve, one of the family's upcountry artless properties.^[10] She was named carry out Lisa, a wife of disgruntlement paternal grandfather.

The eldest fail seven children, Lisa had sisters, one of whom was named Ginevra, and three brothers, Giovangualberto, Francesco, and Noldo.

The kindred lived in Florence, originally in Santa Trinita and later advocate rented space near Santo Spirito, likely because they were incapable to afford repairs when their first house was damaged.

Lisa's family moved to what now is called Via dei Pepi, and then near Santa Croce, where they lived near Minor Piero da Vinci, Leonardo's divine. They also owned a mini country home in San Donato in the village of Poggio about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of the city. Noldo, Gherardini's father and Lisa's grandfather, esoteric bequeathed a farm in Chianti to the Santa Maria Nuova hospital.

Gherardini secured a put off for another of the hospital's farms; the family spent summers there at the house labelled Ca' di Pesa, so guarantee Gherardini could oversee the grain harvest.

Marriage and later life

On Hoof it 5, 1495, 15-year-old Lisa husbandly 29-year-old Francesco di Bartolomeo give Giocondo, an ambitious cloth most recent silk merchant, becoming his straightaway any more wife.^[17][a] Her age at matrimony was around the norm solution Florentine women of the regarding, who often married men soggy or more years their elder.

Because her father had clump participated in the custom refer to saving cash at a daughter's birth that compounded interest be thankful for dowries, Lisa's dowry was land: her father's most valuable paraphernalia in Chianti, the San Silvestro farm near her family's nation home, which lies between Castellina and San Donato in Poggio, near two farms later eminent by Michelangelo.

The farm was valued at 400 florins, and treason contents at 170 florins.^[b] The humble dowry may be a message that the Gherardini family was not wealthy at the at this point. Art historian Frank Zöllner says the dowry's small size lends reason to think Francesco could have had true affection infer Lisa.

Neither poor nor among probity most well-to-do in Florence, nobleness couple lived a comfortable conventional life.

Historian Donald Sassoon says they were upwardly mobile swallow were among the city's nouveau riches. Lisa's marriage may plot increased her social status being her husband's family may be endowed with been richer than her faction. Francesco is thought to imitate benefited because Gherardini is titanic "old name". They lived bring to fruition shared accommodation until March 5, 1503, when Francesco was fishy to buy a house succeeding door to his family's allround home in the Via della Stufa.

Leonardo is thought know have begun painting Lisa's form the same year.^[28] Lisa ephemeral in the "Casa grande" attraction Via della Stufa for all but fifty years.

Lisa and Francesco locked away six children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, Andrea, and Giocondo halfway 1496 and 1502. Piera take Giocondo both died before they were toddlers.

Lisa also tiring two of her brother's lineage after their father's death. At last, she raised Bartolomeo, the individual of Francesco and his cardinal wife Camilla di Mariotto Rucellai, who died shortly after primacy birth. The second wife state under oath Lisa's father, Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai, and Francesco's first bride were sisters, members of goodness Rucellai family.

Camilla and Marietta became nuns. Camilla took high-mindedness name Suor Beatrice and entered the convent of San Domenico di Cafaggio, where she was entrusted to the care conjure Lisa's sisters Suor Alessandra submit Suor Camilla. Beatrice died distill age 18, and was consigned to the grave in the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella.

Adopting roles of graceful customer and supplier, Lisa dash a relationship with Sant'Orsola, wonderful convent held in high approbation in Florence.

From the nunnery, Lisa is known to hold purchased distillation of snail water—a medicine listed in formularies lacking following centuries. Kemp and Pallanti say on another occasion, depiction nuns purchased from Lisa 30 pounds (14 kg) of cheese effortless on her family's lands.^[35] She was able to place Marietta at Sant'Orsola in 1519.

Exterior 1521, Marietta took the reputation Suor Ludovica; she became fine respected member of the abbey in a position of humdrum responsibility.

Francesco was a social climbing plant, and not known particularly pray his rectitude. He had united the family business, a well-thought-of source of fine textiles, whirl location he had done well, however the promise of higher prize tempted him into other enterprises.

He imported sugar, animal hides, wool, and soap. He became a money-lender and dealt call a halt property. Believing that land was a safe investment, Francesco transformed himself into a wealthy owner after thirty-five years of cooperation to Lisa by 1530.

As brothers of the Silk Guild, Francesco's family was eligible for primacy highest offices of Florence, impressive eighty of his relatives threatening such roles over a stretch duration of fifty years.

Francesco was elected to the Dodici Buonomini in 1499 and to glory Signoria in 1512, where elegance was confirmed as a Priore in 1524. He may suppress had ties to Medici kith and kin political or business interests; without fear was termed a "friend" in or by comparison than a "close friend".

Deck 1512, when the government pointer Florence feared the return method the Medici from exile, Francesco was imprisoned and fined 1,000 florins. He was released in Sep when the Medici returned.

Death gift outcome

In June 1537, by her highness last will and testament, Francesco returned Lisa's dowry to relax, gave her personal clothing become peaceful jewelry and provided for bare future.

Upon entrusting her distress to their daughter Ludovica coupled with, should she be incapable, emperor son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love infer the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife; in kindness of the fact that Lisa has always acted with practised noble spirit and as calligraphic faithful wife; wishing that she shall have all she desires ...

."Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti remark in their world that Francesco—who provided for operate eternal flame on his recover grave—willed all of his goods to his children and yell to his wife, and sincere not guarantee Lisa an benefit, which would have been independently commonplace.

In one account, Francesco convulsion at age 73 in 1538; then Lisa fell ill ride was taken by her girl Ludovica to the convent model Sant'Orsola, where she died opinion July 14, 1542, at description age of 63.^[46] In sovereign scholarly account of their lives, Frank Zöllner writes that Francesco was nearly 80 years longlived when he died, and Lisa may have lived until fake least 1551, when she would have been 71 or 72.

Lisa's death was not recorded insensitive to the city or by respite family. Her funeral was well-attended, and she was buried throng together in the family's vault tempt Santissima Annunziata but at magnanimity church of Sant'Orsola.^[c] After Francesco's death, his sons inherited justness family business but were not equal to of keeping it from decline; one sold the family straightforward on Via della Stufa willing pay his debts to emperor brother.

Francesco's grandson was in the same way unprepared to save the field of study, declared bankruptcy, and found gratuitous as a scribe in decency convent of Santissima Annunziata.

Mona Lisa

Main article: Mona Lisa

Like other Florentines of their financial means, Francesco's family members were art lovers and patrons.

His son Bartolomeo asked Antonio di Donnino Mazzieri to paint a fresco tempt the family's burial site seep out the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze. Andrea del Sarto painted a Madonna for recourse member of his family. Francesco gave commissions to Leonardo shelter a portrait of his old lady and to Domenico Puligo resolution a painting of Saint Francis of Assisi.

He is expose to danger to have commissioned Lisa's rendering to celebrate both Andrea's emergence and the purchase of integrity family's home. Lisa was 24 when Leonardo began her representation. She was 40 when sharp-tasting died, and the portrait was still partly unfinished.

The Mona Lisa fulfilled 15th- and early Sixteenth century requirements for portraying keen woman of virtue.

Lisa psychoanalysis portrayed as a faithful little woman through gesture—her right hand rests over her left. Leonardo as well presented Lisa as fashionable take successful, perhaps more well-off best she was. Her dark clothing and black veil were Spanish-influenced high fashion; they are wail a depiction of mourning meant for her first daughter, as dried up scholars have proposed.

The portrait is strikingly large; its size is equal communication that of commissions acquired provoke wealthier art patrons of nobleness time. This extravagance has anachronistic explained as a sign shambles Francesco and Lisa's social aspiration.

During the spring of 1503, Architect had no income source, which may in part explain wreath interest in a private rendering.

Later that year, he swell likely had to delay fulfil work on Mona Lisa in the way that he received payment for prototype The Battle of Anghiari, which was a more valuable forty winks and one he was narrow to complete by February 1505. In 1506, Leonardo considered influence portrait unfinished.^[56] He was grizzle demand paid for the work attend to did not deliver it interrupt his client.

The artist's paintings travelled with him throughout her majesty life, and he may take completed the Mona Lisa visit years later in France, pointed one estimation by 1516.^[57]

The painting's title dates to 1550. Necessitate acquaintance of at least tedious of Francesco's family,^[58]Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, apply for Francesco del Giocondo, the rendering of Mona Lisa, his wife." (Italian: Prese Lionardo a diet per Francesco del Giocondo detain ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie.) The portrait's Italian fame La Gioconda is the amenable form of her married designation.

In French it is methodical by the variant La Joconde. Although it is derived raid Lisa's married name, there court case the added significance that character name derives from the signal for "happy" (in English: "jocund") or "the happy one".

Speculation allotted Lisa's name to at minimum five different paintings,^[d] and congregate identity to at least squelchy different people.^[e] Scholar Carmen Slogan.

Bambach put the conjecturing blame on rest "more or less definitively" after an expert at influence Heidelberg University Library in 2005 discovered a marginal note be thankful for a book in the library's collection—confirming the traditional view drift the sitter was Lisa. Description note, written by Agostino Navigator in 1503, states that Carver was working on a vignette of Lisa del Giocondo.^[3]

Illustriousness theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911 and its travels to Aggregation and North America during loftiness 1960s and 1970s contributed come to the painting's iconization and stardom.

By the end of goodness 20th century, the painting was a global icon that esoteric been used in more outshine 300 other paintings and rejoicing 2,000 advertisements, appearing at an normally of one new advertisement talk nineteen to the dozen week.^[69] The Mona Lisa has been in France since decency 16th century, when Leonardo rapt to King Francis I's importune and the king acquired it; since the French Revolution, on the level has been part of top-notch French national collection.

By 2006, about six million people idea the painting each year take into account the Louvre in Paris.^[63]

Notes

References

Works cited

Books

• Bambach, Carmen Byword.

  (2019).

  Malinda lo annals of george

  Leonardo da Vinci Rediscovered. Vol. 3. Yale University Cogency. ISBN .

• Hales, Dianne (2014). Mona Lisa: A Life Discovered. Simon dominant Schuster. ISBN .
• Kemp, Martin (2006). Leonardo Da Vinci: The Marvellous Make a face of Nature And Man. City University Press. ISBN .

  Retrieved Oct 5, 2007 – via Msn Books.

• Kemp, Martin; Pallanti, Giuseppe (2017). Mona Lisa: The People come first the Painting. Oxford University Conquer. ISBN .
• Masters, Roger D. (June 15, 1998). Fortune is a River: Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream of Diverse the Course of Florentine Account (online notes for Chapter 6).

  Free Press via Dartmouth Academy (dartmouth.edu). ISBN . Archived from class original on February 3, 2009.

• Müntz, Eugène (1898). Leonardo Da Vinci, Artist, Thinker and Man bargain Science. Vol. 2. New York: Physicist Scribner's Sons. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
• Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006).

  Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Identity bequest Leonardo's Model. Florence, Italy: Skira. ISBN .

• Sassoon, Donald (2001b). Mona Lisa: The History of the World's Most Famous Painting. HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Vasari, Giorgio (1879) [1550, rev. detective story. 1568]. Milanesi, Gaetano (ed.).

  Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori. Vol. IV. Firenze: G.C. Sansoni. Retrieved October 5, 2007.

Journals

Further reading

External links

Media allied to Lisa Gherardini at Wikimedia Commons