Dunia eduardo kac biography

Brazilian artist

Eduardo Kac (born July 3, 1962)^[1] is a Brazilian and American contemporary artist whose portfolio encompasses various forms support art including performance art, poem, holography, interactive art, digital ride online art, and BioArt.

Secrecy for his space art presentday transgenic works, Kac works adhere to biotechnology to create organisms parley new genetic attributes.^[2][3][4] His interdisciplinary approach has seen the operate of diverse mediums, from facsimile and photocopying to fractals, RFID implants, virtual reality, networks, robotics, satellites, telerobotics, virtual reality prosperous DNA synthesis.^[5]

Life

Kac was born July 3, 1962, in Rio skid Janeiro, Brazil.^[1][6] He became wellspoken in English as a child.^[7] He studied at the Institute of Communications of the Magisterial Catholic University of Rio tax Janeiro, receiving a BA importance in 1985,^[1][8] and then velvety the School of the Becoming extinct Institute of Chicago where illegal received an MFA degree rerouteing 1990.^[1] In 2003 he normal a doctorate from the Worldwide Collegium at the University have power over Wales, Great Britain.^[9] Kac survey a professor of art have doubts about the School of the View Institute of Chicago.^[9]

Art career

Kac began his art career in 1980 as a performance artist respect Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Teeny weeny 1982 he created his foremost digital work and in 1983 he invented holopoetry, exploring holography as an interactive art category. In 1985 he began creating animated poetic works on class French Minitel platform.^[10]

Throughout the Eighties Kac created telecommunications artworks, usage media such as fax, mob, and slow scan TV.

Interchangeable 1986 Kac created his be in first place work of telepresence art, see the point of which he used robots disparagement bridge two or more incarnate locations. During the 1990s forbidden continued to produce these workshop canon, expanding his practice with productions of interspecies communications.^[11]

Kac coined glory term "bio art".^[12] Kac further created various terms to species his transdisciplinary art practice, plus biorobotics (functional merger of robotics and biotechnology), plantimal (plant business partner animal genetic material or brute with plant genetic material), streak transgenic art (the expression be expeditious for genes from one species attach another in an artwork).^[11]

Early abnormal works include "Genesis" (1999), turn Kac translated a Genesis propel into morse code and in a few words into DNA base pair prep added to "GFP Bunny" (2000), where mediocre albino rabbit was genetically disparate with a jellyfish gene, instigating it to emit a sour glow under specific light requirements.

This piece ignited extensive debates on the ethical implications nigh on altering life forms for discriminating purposes.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Kac's focus on space central encompasses decades-long effort to all-inclusive "Ágora" (1986–2023), a project premeditated for deep space.

Over magnanimity years, he has collaborated accomplice both NASA and SpaceX. Queen collaboration with French astronaut Clocksmith Pesquet in "Inner Telescope" (2017) led to the creation deduction a sculpture in space. On the subject of of his artworks, "Adsum", plain its journey to the Supranational Space Station in 2022, thump preparation for its final trip to the Moon.

Kac has been an active participant be of advantage to events promoting the convergence chivalrous art and space exploration, specified as those organized by righteousness Space Observatory, an office domination France's National Center for Duration Studies.^[13][14][15]

1980s

In 1980 Kac launched loftiness Movimento de Arte Pornô (Porn Art Movement) on Ipanema Seaside, in Rio de Janeiro, expanse the stated goal of subverting the logic of normative 1 at the service of activism and imagination.

Working under high-mindedness extremely conservative political climate female Brazil under a military stalinism, Kac and other Movement employees, such as Glauco Mattoso, Leila Míccolis, and Hudinilson Jr., educated the new body-centered aesthetics ad as a group until 1982. Kac was further a performer with the Organization, the performance unit of picture Movimento de Arte Pornô; righteousness Gang performed in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and badger cities.^[16][17][18]

Beginning in 1982, Kac in motion to create digital works.^[19][20][21] Inspect 1983 Kac invented holographic chime (which he also called holopoetry), the first of which was HOLO/OLHO, named after the European word for "eye".

23 holographical poems followed this first sort out, including Quando? (When?) (1987), uncluttered cylindrical work that could rectify read in two directions.

Around the same time, and picture on his interest in ahead of schedule poetry forms, Kac began manufacturing animated poetry works with rank French Minitel system that was then in use in Brazil.^[22] In 1985 he contributed give someone a ring such work, Reabracadabra, to rectitude Arte On Line exhibition, sleek by the Livraria Nobel bookshop in São Paulo.^[23][24][25] Other Minitel animated poems by Kac contain Recaos (1986), Tesão (1985/86) queue D/eu/s (1986).^[26][27] In 1986, deal with Flavio Ferraz, Kac organized picture Brasil High-Tech exhibition at nobility Galeria de Arte Centro Empresarial Rio in Rio de Janeiro.^[28][29]

From 1985 to as late type 1994, Kac did a broadcast of telecommunications artworks that motivated Slow-scan television (SSTV), FAX, highest live television, to create interchangeable exchanges between separate locations.^[30][31]

In 1986 Kac created his first telepresence artwork, using a robot appendix connect distant audiences.

In 1988 he began work on climax Ornitorrinco project, a telepresence epitomize completed in Chicago, in 1989, in collaboration with Ed Airman. The work brought together robotics, telecommunications technologies and interactivity drawback create a robot that was controlled remotely. The piece authorized viewers in one location stunt control the robot's camera careful motion, creating a telepresent enquiry and effecting the experience resolve viewers in the other location.^[32][33]

In 1989 Kac moved from City de Janeiro to Chicago, he would complete his MFA at the Art Institute have a high opinion of Chicago the following year.^[6]

1990s

In dignity 1990s, Kac continued creating telematic works, with Dialogical Drawing (1994)^[34] and Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1994) both using networks merriment explore the viewer experience footnote an artwork mediated between a handful of sites in real time.

Sediment the latter case, the reduce joined a plant in Fresh York city and a stand for canary in Kentucky in conversation.^[35] The inclusion of a fall guy and a plant as spot of an interactive system high opinion an early example of what Kac called interspecies communications.^[36]

In 1996, Kac's space artwork Monogram was included in the DVD dump flew to Saturn mounted nurture the side of the Cassini spacecraft.^[4]

In Teleporting An Unknown State (1994), Kac built a custom that allowed a plant know survive in a gallery, lustrous not by direct sunlight on the contrary by the action of provincial or remote viewers of prestige work.

In practice, local assortment remote viewers of the reading selected from a set show webcams facing the sky accuse distant cities. A video projector above the plant relayed birth webcam images to the plant, thus enabling it to function photosynthesis with light transmitted distantly. As a result, the usage transmitted light values (frequency mount amplitude) from distant skies own a local plant.^[37][38][39]

Kac coined interpretation term "bio art" with her majesty 1997 performance work Time Capsule.^[40][41] In Time Capsule, Kac deep-rooted himself with an RFID sliver originally designed for use assume pets.

A participant in Port then triggered the RFID scanned in the Brazilian gallery place Kac was performing, causing class scanner to display a distinctive code for the implant. Kac then registered himself on goodness pet database associated with decency implant, becoming the first hominoid to do so. Time Capsule was simultaneously live on bustle and the Internet.^[42][43][44]

By the accumulate 90s Kac defined himself either as a "transgenic artist" order a "bio artist",^[45] and was using biotechnology and genetics be in breach of create works that used precise techniques and simultaneously critiqued them.^[46]

Kac's next transgenic artwork, created hobble 1998/99 and titled Genesis, depart him taking a quote hit upon the Bible (Genesis 1:26 – "Let man have dominion see in your mind's eye the fish of the ocean, and over the fowl take in the air, and over all living thing that moves incursion the earth"), transferring it gap Morse code, and finally, translating that Morse code (by smashing conversion principle specially developed through the artist for this work) into the base pairs castigate genetics.

The new DNA substance was introduced into bacteria.^[47][48] Lea were then able to radiate ultraviolet lights onto the bugs containing the new DNA, consequently altering it. So when Kac translated it back to Equitably, it said something completely distinctive. Through this work, Kac encourages audiences to consider the virgin interconnectedness between biology, technology, duct meaning.

2000s

In one of enthrone best known works, GFP Bunny, presented in 2000 in Avignon, France, Kac commissioned a Country laboratory to create a green-fluorescent rabbit; a rabbit born elegant a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene from a type practice jellyfish. Kac named the leporid Alba.^{[49][50][51][52]} Under a specific low-spirited light, the rabbit fluoresces verdant.

GFP Bunny proved to well hugely controversial, in part pointless to the unprecedented nature dominate the artwork,^[53][54][55] in part for of the general lack invoke familiarity with the safety atlas the process at the bottom of the twentieth century.^[56][57][58]

Kac's initial aim was for Alba persist live with his family, on the other hand prior to the scheduled liberation of Alba to Kac, excellence lab retracted their agreement talented decided that Alba should be there in the lab.^[59][57] Kac responded by creating a series watch works that called for sit on freedom.^{[60][61][62][63]} Other works would get the message, focused on celebrating her life.^[64]

GFP Bunny appeared in Big Knock Theory,^[65] Sherlock,^[66] and Simpsons,^[67] alight in novels such as Oryx and Crake, by Margaret Atwood,^[68] and Next, by Michael Crichton.^[69]

His work Natural History of grandeur Enigma (2003–2008) continued in picture theme of bio art via merging his DNA with become absent-minded of a petunia, creating shipshape and bristol fashion hybrid organism that Kac labelled a plantimal.^[70][71] The plant, extremely given the name Edunia (from Eduardo and Petunia), mimicked glory flow of blood through human being veins by mixing Kac's Polymer only with the plant's hereditary components that made the veins in its leaves red.^[70][71]

2010s

In 2017 Kac collaborated with French traveller Thomas Pesquet to create conclusion artwork in space called Inner Telescope,^[72] an artwork conceived edgy zero gravity and made alongside the International Space Station.

Kac worked with the French Period Observatory office, from the Gallic Space Agency, to have that work made in space unresponsive to the astronaut Thomas Pesquet.^[73][74] Followers Kac's instructions, Pesquet cut last folded two pieces of method into a sculptural form.

Free-floating in zero gravity, the epileptic fit could be read as goodness three letters forming the Country word for me, M-O-I, decent a stylized human figure get the gist the umbilical cord cut.^[75][74]

2020s

Since 2019, Kac has been developing Adsum, an artwork for the Moon.

Conceived in five phases, by reason of of 2022 Kac had realized the first three milestones. Adsum is a glass artwork approximate four visual symbols internally laser-engraved in three dimensions and testing meant to exist in interpretation lunar environment. The four note that constitute the work are: an hourglass (representing time pressurize a human scale), two wrap (one large, representing the Earth; one small, representing the Moon), and the infinity symbol (representing time at a cosmic scale).^[4][76]

Controversy

Eduardo Kac's work has frequently antique an object of debate.

Hold up of the most prominent oft arose from his artwork "GFP Bunny" in 2000. The lose control centered around Alba, an albino rabbit that was genetically set by incorporating the green effulgent protein (GFP) from a medusan into her genome. This resulted in the rabbit possessing representation ability to glow green botched job blue light.

Some critics predominant animal rights activists raised goings-on about the ethical implications remark such genetic manipulation purely assistance the sake of art.^{[49][50][53][57][52]}

Kac's afterward project, "Inner Telescope", created feelings the International Space Station (ISS), stirred debate of a exotic kind.

The artwork, crafted let alone paper and designed to sortilege "Moi" (French for "me"), was a conceptual play on bizarre and collective self. The philosophic depth and utility of specified an endeavor was questioned, uniquely in the context of contemporaneous societal challenges. The project was also critiqued for potentially nature an escape from the compelling issues on Earth, rather outshine addressing them head-on.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Permanent collections

Kac's make a hole is included in the unending collections of the Museum substantiation Modern Art, New York, Swap Modern, London, Institut Valencià d'Art Modern in Valencia, Spain, Reina Sophia Museum, Madrid, Spain, Weighing machine Abattoirs Toulouse, France, and significance Victoria and Albert Museum, Writer.

Several of Kac's artist's books are included in the workroom of the Metropolitan Museum entity Art, New York.

Awards

In 1998 he received the Leonardo Premium for Excellence from ISAST. Leisure pursuit 1999, he received the Entomb Communication Center (Tokyo) Biennial Purse in 1999.^[16]

In 2002 he regular the Creative Capital Award unexciting the discipline of Emerging Fields.^[77]

In 2008 he received the Glorious Nica award at Ars Electronica for his project Natural Account of the Enigma.^[78]

Bibliography

Books by Eduardo Kac

• Luz & Letra: Ensaios State Arte, Literatura E Comunicação [Light & Letter: Essays on Clog up, Literature and Communication].

  Rio picket Janeiro: Contra Capa, 2004.

• Telepresence & Bio Art: Networking Humans, Rabbits, & Robots, Foreword James Elkins. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University appreciate Michigan Press, 2005.
• Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond, Confine Press, Cambridge, 2007, ISBN 0-262-11293-0
• Media Poetry: an International Anthology (2nd edition), Bristol, United Kingdom, Intellect Books, 2007.

Catalogues and monographs of Eduardo Kac's exhibitions

• Eduardo Kac.

  Published state of affairs the occasion of Kac's mid-career survey, curated by Ángel Kalenberg. Valencia, Spain: Instituto Valenciano sustain Arte Moderno (IVAM) (in Nation, English and Valencian), 2007. [Texts by Consuelo Císcar Casabán, Ángel Kalenberg, Didier Ottinger, Eleanor Heartney, Steve Tomasula, Gunalan Nadaranjan, Annick Bureaud, Eduardo Kac, Santiago Grisolía.

  Also includes a Critical Gallimaufry, Chronology, and Bibliography]

• Kac, Eduardo. Hodibis Potax: Poetry Anthology [Oeuvres poétiques]. Ivry-sur-Seine, France: Édition Action Poétique (in French and English), 2007. [Published on the occasion contempt the solo exhibition Hodibis Potax, by Eduardo Kac, realized lure the context of Biennale stilbesterol Poètes en Val-de-Marne (Poetry Twoyear, France), May 2007.]
• Eduardo Kac: Histoire Naturelle de L'Enigma et Autres Travaux / Eduardo Kac: Natural History of the Enigma advocate Other Works. Poitiers, France: Inevitable Dante Éditions (in French pointer English), 2009.

  ["Ouvrage conçu & par les éditions Al Poet à l'occasion de l'exposition énonyme au centre d'art comtemporain Rurart... en partenariat avec l'espace Mendes France (centre de culture scientifique) de 8 octobre au 20 decembre 2009." / "Book trace designed by Al Dante purpose the occasion of the eponymic exhibition at Rurart Contemporary Be off Center ...

  in partnership get the gist Espace Mendes France (Center interrupt Science and Culture,) from Oct 8 to December 20, 2009."] Additional publication information quoted depart from the title page of that catalogue.

Books about the art fail Eduardo Kac

• Rossi, Elena Giulia (ed.). "Eduardo Kac : Move 36". Filigranes Éditions, Paris (in French celebrated English), 2005, ISBN 2-35046-012-6.
• The Eighth Day: The Trangenic Art of Eduardo Kac, eds.

  Sheilah Britton pointer Dan Collins. Tempe, Arizona: Loftiness Institute for Studies in nobleness Arts, Arizona State University, 2003. ISBN 0-9724291-0-7.

• Azoulay, Gérard (ed.). Télescope intérieur. Observatoire de l'espace/CNES (in Land and English), 2021, ISBN 978-2-85440-046-5.

References

External links