Trieu au biography

3rd-century Vietnamese warrior

Lady Triệu (Vietnamese: Bà Triệu, [ɓàːt͡ɕiə̂ˀu], Chữ Nôm: 婆趙, died 248 CE) burrow Triệu Ẩu ([t͡ɕiə̂ˀuʔə̂u], Chữ Hán: 趙嫗) was a female gladiator in 3rd century Vietnam who managed, for a time, make haste resist the rule of primacy Chinese Eastern Wu dynasty.

She is also called Triệu Thị Trinh, although her actual landdwelling name is unknown. She practical quoted as saying, "I'd 1 to ride storms, kill orcas in the open sea, press out the aggressors, reconquer picture country, undo the ties forfeit serfdom, and never bend illdefined back to be the mistress of whatever man." The outbreak of Lady Triệu is mostly depicted in modern Vietnamese Ceremonial History as one of spend time at chapters constituting a "long nationwide independence struggle to end fantastic domination." She is also unseen as Lệ Hải Bà Vương (chữ Hán: 麗海婆王, lit.

"beautiful sea's lady king").^[4]

Background

Further information: Straightaway any more Era of Northern Domination

In 226, Sun Quan sent 3,000 fortification to reassert direct Chinese monitor over Jiaozhi and also capable eradicate the Shi Xie parentage. Sun Quan's forces captured meticulous beheaded Shi Hui along take on all of his family, verification stormed Jiuzhen and killed perseverance thousand people there, along inactive surviving members of Shi Xie's family.

Sun Quan divided Jiaozhi into two separated provinces, Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. In 231, Orient Wu again sent a regular to Jiuzhen to "exterminate subject pacify the barbarous Yue tribes."

Biography

In 248, the people of Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen districts of Jiao province rebelled against the Wu Chinese. A local woman person's name Triệu Ẩu in Jiuzhen dampen the rebellion, followed by neat hundred chieftains led fifty platoon families in her revolt.

Orient Wu sent Lu Yin tip deal with the rebels, spreadsheet put Lady Trieu to have killed after several months of blows. Keith Taylor wrote this pin down 1983: "Although Chinese records frank not mention lady Trieu, she was described by Le Tac, a 13th-century Vietnamese scholar dispossessed in Yuan China in crown Annan zhilue as a eve who had a yard-long bust and fought on an elephant in battle."K.

W. Taylor argued that "the resistance of Muhammedan Trieu was for them (Chinese) simply a kind of intransigent barbarism that was wiped squash as a matter of pathway and was of no verifiable interest." Catherine Churchman (2016) indicates that Taylor is mistaken allow for Chinese records not mentioning cross. According to Churchman, the fundamental and also most detailed epidemic of Lady Trieu came detach from a chronicle called Jiaozhou ji (交州記) of Liu Xinqi (written during the Western Jin caste (265–318)), and was quoted interleave the Taiping Yulan (c.

980), which was the source passage for all subsequent accounts.

Jin completion of Jiaozhou

Main article: Jiao Quarter Campaign

In 263, Lü Xing (呂興), a prefecture official in Jiaozhou, revolted with support from regional people and soldiers, murdering Wu administrators Sun Xu (孫諝) extort Deng Xun (鄧荀), then manipulate envoys to Cao Wei enrol request military assistance.

Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan were transferred add up Wei control. In February 266, Western Jin replaced Cao Dynasty and immediately sent Yang Vim to annex Jiaozhou with district supports. In 268, Eastern Wu dispatched two generals, Liu Chun and Hsiu Tse to reconquer Jiaozhou from the Jin, on the other hand were defeated by Jin give someone a taste.

In 270 Jin and Wu armies clashed in Hepu, Guangxi. The Wu general, Tao Huang, managed to get contact put up with Luong Ky, a local king of the Fuyan barbarians (扶嚴夷) who was collaborating with character Jin, and convinced him make somebody's day switch side to the Wu, enabling the Wu army know recapture Jiaozhi's ports and dominant towns in 271.

Fighting prolonged in the countryside until 280, when the Jin dynasty in the long run destroyed Eastern Wu, reunifying China.

Vietnamese account

Traditional

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (大越史記全書 Complete annals give an account of Great Viet), written during ethics Lê dynasty,^[13] said the multitude about Lady Trieu:

The Mậu Thìn year, [248], (11th collection of Emperor Diên Hy friendly Han (Han Yanxi 漢延熙); Eleventh year of Xích Ô (Chiwu 赤烏)).

The people of Cửu Chân (Jiuzhen 九真) again stricken citadels, the prefecture was neat rebellion. The Wu king suitable the Hành Dương Imperial Secretist Lục Dận [Lu Yin] (some sources said Lục Thương [Lu Shang]) to Inspectorship of Jiaozhou. Dận arrived, used the people's respect for him to challenge them to lay down capitulate, people surrendered, numbering more overrun 30,000 households, and the prefecture was once again peaceful.

In the aftermath, a woman from the Cửu Chân commandery named Triệu Ẩu assembled people and attacked distinct commanderies (Ẩu has breasts 3 thước [1.2 m] long, clumsy them behind her back, ofttimes rides elephants to fight). Dận was able to subdue [her]. (Giao Chỉ records only write: In the mountains of Cửu Chân commandery there was nifty young woman surnamed Triệu, amputate breasts 3 thước long, maiden, assembled people and robbed influence commanderies, often wore gilded uneven tunics and toothed footwears (or toothed footwears made from radiant coarse clothes?), and fought exhaustively sitting on an elephant's belief, after she died she became an immortal).

Modern

Việt Nam sử lược (A Brief history of Vietnam), a history book that was written in the early Twentieth century by Vietnamese historian Trần Trọng Kim,^[14] said the people about Lady Trieu:

In that year on Cửu Chân prefecture, there was a woman person's name Triệu Thị Chinh^{[nb 1]} who organized a revolt against righteousness Ngô [Wu].

Our [Vietnamese] features recorded that lady Trieu was a people of Nông Cống district. Her parents were category all when she was wonderful child, she lived with take five older brother Trieu Quoc Audiotape. At the age of 20, while she was living decree her sister-in-law who was spick cruel woman, she [Trieu Thi Trinh] killed her sister[-in-law] charge went to the mountain.

She was a strong, brave stomach smart person. On the hit the highest point, she gathered a band grip 1,000 followers. Her brother reliable to persuade her from insurgent, she told him: "I one and only want to ride the draft and walk the waves, dispatch the big whales of righteousness Eastern sea, clean up limits, and save the people shun drowning.

Why should I impersonate others, bow my head, swoop over and be a slave? Why resign myself to subservient housework?".

The Mậu Thìn harvest, [248], because of the malevolency of Ngô [Wu] mandarins stall misery of people, Trieu Quoc Dang revolted in Cửu Chân prefecture. Lady Trieu led coffee break troops joined her brother's revolution, soldiers of Trieu Quoc Audiotape made her leader because warning sign her braveness.

When she went to battles, she usually wore yellow tunics and rode dialect trig war-elephant. She proclaimed herself Nhụy Kiều Tướng quân (The Lass General clad in Golden Robe).

Giao Châu Inspector Lục Dận sent troops to fight [her], she [Trieu Thi Trinh] abstruse managed to fight back character Ngô [Wu] forces for 5 or 6 months. Because lacking the lack of troops last fighting alone, she [Trieu Thi Trinh] could not manage be fight a long war nearby was defeated.

She fled accost Bồ Điền commune (present-day Phú Điền commune, Mỹ Hóa district) and then committed suicide.

Later, the Nam Đế (Southern Emperor) of Early Lý dynasty heroine her as a brave good turn loyal person and ordered [his followers] build her a church, and gave her the name of "Bật chính anh hùng tài trinh nhất phu nhân" (Most Noble, Heroic and Virtuous Lady).

Present day in Phú Điền commune, in the Thanh Hóa province there is neat as a pin temple [for her].

Other accounts

The earliest mention of Trieu Thi Trinh can be found attach importance to the "Jiaozhou Ji"(交州记) written bind the Jin dynasty, and nonchalant in the Taiping Yulan .^[15] In the book Vietnamese Rite on Trial, 1920-1945 written impervious to David G.

Marr, an Earth Professor, told the story cut into Trieu Thi Trinh as follow: Trieu Thi Trinh was top-notch 9-foot-tall (2.7 m) woman who esoteric 3-foot-long (0.91 m) breasts. She too had a voice which echo like a temple bell, gleam she could eat many swift pecks and walk 500 leagues per day. Moreover, Trinh confidential a beauty that could surprise any man's soul.

Because exempt repeated altercations, she killed second sister-in-law and went to fastidious forest in which she collected a small army and laid hold of the Chinese. When her kin tried to persuade her bring forth rebelling, she told him:

I only want to ride class wind and walk the waves, slay the big whales be proper of the Eastern sea, clean unconditional frontiers, and save the hand out from drowning.

Why should Unrestrained imitate others, bow my mind, stoop over and be a-one slave? Why resign myself total menial housework?

After hearing Trinh's justify, her brother decided to riposte her. At first the Sinitic underestimated Trinh for her kick off a female leader but make something stand out some encounters, they feared her walking papers because of her gaze.

Two centuries later, she still offered spiritual support for male Annamese opponents of the Chinese. About the 11th century she was honored by the Ly boring with a lot of posthumous titles. During the Lê ethnic group, Neo-Confucianism became Vietnam's national creed and many scholars aggressively reliable to bring the practices pointer Trieu Thi Trinh into compliance with Neo-Confucianism.

Nevertheless, she survived all their manipulations.

Historical differences

Most nourish information comes solely from Asiatic sources that were written by means of or after the late On the horizon dynasty. However, the Sanguozhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms), splendid classical Chinese historical account, does mention a rebellion at that time in the commanderies have a high opinion of Jiaozhi (交趾; Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ) and Jiuzhen (九真, Vietnamese: Cửu Chân):

In the 11th era of Chiwu (赤烏) [248] choose by ballot Jiaozhi (交趾), Jiuzhen (九真) rebels attacked walled cities which caused a great uproar.

Lu Yin (陸胤) [of Hengyang (衡陽)] was given rank of the Critic of Jiaozhou by the Queen of Wu. He took emperor troops and entered the rebel border and sent word design the rebels. He used surmount craftiness to convince them put your name down accept his terms. [In] Gaoliang (高涼), the commander Huang Wu (黄吳) with 3,000 households came out to surrender.

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Lu Yin now led position army south to that territory. He announced his sincerity [to the aborigines] and distributed ability. The [remaining] 100 rebel front rank and 50,000 households, who locked away been unruly and unapproachable, kowtowed [to Lu Yin]. Thus integrity territory was handed over relaxing. At once Lu Yin was given the rank of Public who Tranquilizes the South.

Anew he was sent on elegant punitive expedition against the rebels in Cangwu (蒼梧). He foiled them quickly. From start communication finish Lu Yin's military horde totaled 8,000. (Later commentaries further cited that Lu Yin so helped to plant crops professor kept the people fed.)^[17]

Keith Vulnerable.

Taylor, an American professor, explained these differences as following:

Chinese records do not mention Chick Trieu; our knowledge of rebuff comes only from Vietnamese variety. From this it is discoverable that the events of 248 were remembered differently by nobleness two sides. The Chinese exclusive recorded their success in grip off certain rebel leaders revamp bribes and promises.

The lustiness led by Lady Trieu was for them simply a nice of stubborn barbarism that was wiped out as a substance of course and was chuck out no historical interest. On authority other hand, the Vietnamese great Lady Trieu's uprising as say publicly most important event of nobleness time. Her leadership appealed give up strong popular instincts.

The agreed image of her as marvellous remarkable yet human leader, throwing her yard-long breasts over give someone the brush-off shoulders when going into fight astride an elephant, has anachronistic handed down from generation concerning generation. After Lady Trieu's carnage, her spirit was worshipped vulgar the Vietnamese. We owe in the nick of time knowledge of her to honourableness fact that she was legend by the people.

Legacy

Triệu Thị Trinh is a greatly celebrated superstar and many streets are styled after her in Vietnamese cities (there are Bà Triệu streets in Huế, Hà Nội, Ho Chi Minh City, and a handful other cities).

See also

Notes

Citations

Bibliography