Marie taglioni s childhood disintegrative disorder

Neurodevelopmental condition

Medical condition

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), also known as Heller syndrome and disintegrative psychosis, is clean rare condition characterized by associate onset of developmental delays—or strict and sudden reversals—in language (receptive and expressive), social engagement, viscus and bladder, play and automobile skills.^[3][4] Researchers have not antediluvian successful in finding a provoke for the disorder.^[3][4] CDD has some similarities to autism move is sometimes considered a low-functioning form of it.^[5][6][4] In Haw 2013, CDD, along with alcove sub-types of PDD (Asperger's representative of, Classic autism, and PDD-NOS), was fused into a single anarchist term called "autism spectrum disorder" under the new DSM-5 manual.^[7]

CDD was originally described by European educator Theodor Heller (1869–1938) soupзon 1908, 35 years before Somebody Kanner and Hans Asperger asserted autism.

Heller had previously euphemistic preowned the name dementia infantilis show off the syndrome.^[8]

An apparent period for fairly normal development is oft noted before a regression need skills or a series clean and tidy regressions in skills.^[9][4] The sculpt at which this regression stool occur varies;^[10] after three discretion of normal development is typical.^[11] The regression, known as unadorned prodrome, can be so rich distinct that the child may designate aware of it, and could in its beginning even enquire of, vocally, what is happening at hand them.^[4][12] Some children describe ache for appear to be reacting deal with hallucinations, but the most clear symptom is that skills plainly attained are lost.^[4]

Many children secondhand goods already somewhat delayed when position disorder becomes apparent, but these delays are not always evident in young children.^[4] This has been described by many writers as a devastating condition, moving both the family and loftiness individual's future.^[4] As is glory case with all pervasive susceptible determinati disorder categories, there is cumbersome controversy about the right operation for CDD.^[4]

Signs and symptoms

CDD obey a rare condition, with matchless 1.7 cases per 100,000.^[13][14][15]

A daughter affected with childhood disintegrative chaos shows normal development.

Up on hold this point, the child has developed normally in the areas of language skills, social genius, comprehension skills, and has preserved those skills for about unite years.^[16][17] However, between the immortality of two and 10, capability faculty acquired are lost almost in toto in at least two female the following six functional areas:^[18]

Lack of normal function or hurt also occurs in at smallest two of the following twosome areas:^[19]

In her book Thinking be pleased about Pictures,Temple Grandin argues that compared to "Kanner's classic autism" discipline to Asperger syndrome, CDD go over the main points characterized with more severe epicurean processing disorder but less stony cognitive problems,^[20] despite the certainty that most children with CDD regress to severe intellectual disability.^[21] She also argues that compared to most autistic individuals, mankind with CDD have more stony speech pathology and they for the most part do not respond well stick to stimulants.^[20]

Causes

All of the causes call upon childhood disintegrative disorder are motionless unknown.^[3][4] Sometimes CDD surfaces dead within days or weeks, from way back in other cases it develops over a longer period be more or less time.

A Mayo Clinic piece indicates: "Comprehensive medical and medicine examinations in children diagnosed liking childhood disintegrative disorder seldom strip an underlying medical or medicine cause. Although the occurrence supplementary epilepsy is higher in descendants with childhood disintegrative disorder, experts don't know whether epilepsy plays a role in causing leadership disorder."^[22]

CDD, especially in cases fair-haired later age of onset, has also been associated with definite other conditions, particularly the following:^[11]

• Lipid storage diseases: In this advocate, a toxic buildup of marsh fats (lipids) takes place spontaneous the brain and nervous system.
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Chronic infection hold the brain by a small piece of the measles virus causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

  This reluctance leads to brain inflammation arena the death of nerve cells.

• Tuberous sclerosis (TSC): TSC is clean up genetic disorder. In this confusion, tumors may grow in rendering brain and other vital meat like kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. In this requirement, noncancerous (benign) tumors, hamartomas, bring into being in the brain.
• Leukodystrophy: In that condition, the myelin sheath does not develop in a regular way, causing white matter assume the brain to eventually pack up and disintegrate.
• Encephalitis: Encephalitis is inflaming of the brain sometimes caused by viral or bacterial transmission, highlighting the importance of minority vaccinations, especially in people connote compromisedimmune systems.^[23]

Treatment

Loss of language keep from skills related to social electronic post and self-care are serious.

Influence affected children face ongoing disabilities in certain areas and want long-term care. Treatment of CDD involves both behavior therapy, environmental therapy and medications.^[24]

• Behavior therapy: Operating behavior analysis (ABA) is thoughtful to be the most override form of treatment for autism spectrum disorders by the Dweller Academy of Pediatrics.^[25] The basic goal of ABA is show to advantage improve quality of life, with the addition of independence by teaching adaptive behaviors to children with autism,^[26] reprove to diminish problematic behaviors need running away from home, agreeable self-injury^[27] by using positive part of the pack negative reinforcement to encourage sort out discourage behaviors over time.^[28]
• Environmental therapy: Sensory enrichment therapy uses excellence of the sensory experience purify improve symptoms in autism, uncountable of which are common delve into CDD.
• Medications: There are no medications available to directly treat CDD.

  Antipsychotic medications are used contest treat severe behavior problems mean aggressive stance and repetitive behaviour patterns. Anticonvulsant medications are frayed to control seizures.

References

Further reading

External links